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澳门海事及水务局局长：大藤峡建成将长效解决澳门供水问题******

　　中新网南宁1月14日电 (杨陈 陈沿佑 陈冠言)“这两年咸潮对澳门还是有影响的，但是因为有大藤峡水利枢纽的调节作用，所以澳门能够在冬春枯水期平安度过。”广西政协委员、澳门海事及水务局局长黄穗文14日表示。

　　1月11日至15日，广西壮族自治区政协第十三届一次会议在南宁召开。黄穗文会期接受了中新网记者采访。

　　在澳门经济社会发展的历史中，保障供水安全是其中重要一环。从早期自给自足到内地挑水，到1959年开始珠海建设向澳门输送原水的设施，再到澳门回归后，水利部珠江水利委员会从整个流域层面统筹规划珠澳供水保障措施，对澳供水形成了稳定的合作机制。在这过程中，与澳门一水相依的广西发挥着重要作用。

　　黄穗文长期从事澳门海上安全和水资源管理工作，2004年至2006年间，澳门持续出现的咸潮灾害让其记忆犹新。“当时我们自来水咸度达到了500多毫克/升，国标是250毫克/升以下，社会面上市民都在抢购矿泉水。”

　　澳门地形多低矮丘陵，无河流湖泊，可蓄地表水条件差，不具备建大中型水库的条件，淡水资源奇缺。从地理位置上看，澳门又位于西江入海口，地处咸淡水交汇的区域，咸潮沿磨刀门水道上溯淹没取水口，成为枯水期影响澳门供水的最大威胁。

　　黄穗文回忆说，当时已有短、中期的淡水供澳措施。“短效措施是调水压咸；中效措施是建造竹银水库，建好后可起到调节作用，帮助珠海和澳门度过两三个月的枯水期。但要彻底解决供水问题，广西的大藤峡水利枢纽工程是关键。”

　　大藤峡水利枢纽工程是珠江流域防洪控制性枢纽工程，也是两广合作、桂澳合作的重大工程。工程坝址位于珠江流域黔江河段大藤峡峡谷出口(即广西桂平市南木镇弩滩村)，距离桂平黔江大桥约6.6公里。建成后，珠江三角洲地区的水资源分配不均、上游洪水暴发、突发性水污染问题都可通过该枢纽及时应对。

　　黄穗文是大藤峡水利枢纽工程的推动者和见证者，曾多次带队到广西实地考察，并作为澳门特区政府代表与珠江水利委员会签署了《澳门特别行政区援助建设大藤峡水利枢纽工程合作协议书》。

　　“2009年澳门特区政府拨款8亿元人民币，用于广西大藤峡库区移民安置、水土保持和环境治理。作为受益方，我们希望对整个流域的生态保护方面出一份力。”黄穗文说。

　　经过多年建设，截至目前，大藤峡水利枢纽工程已有5台机组投产发电，剩余3台机组正按计划有序安装，计划2023年年底前全部投入运行。

　　黄穗文表示，大藤峡建成后蓄水量已经足够保障澳门用水安全。“原来从内地调淡水到澳门需要一个多星期，如今大藤峡开闸放水后只需3天，澳门市民就能用上来自西江的淡水。”

　　谈及未来，黄穗文认为，澳门与广西在水运方面有很多合作的机会。“有业界人士提出想通过西江内河航道，将货品拉到澳门来，我们将积极配合，希望未来能够进一步推动澳桂水上运输方面的合作。”(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）